Rare Cover: Nuremberg Laws Applied to Lawyers

Authors

Object ID

2012.1.289a

Object Name

Envelope

Date

6-6-1941

Files

Content Warning

The Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection consists of images, documents, and artifacts related to the Holocaust. The collection contains materials that depict a number of topics that may be difficult for viewers to engage with, including: antisemitic descriptions, caricatures, and representation of Jewish people; Nazi imagery and ideology; descriptions and images of German ghettos; graphic images of the violence of the Holocaust; and the creation of the State of Israel. For more information, see our policy page.

Description

Grey envelope with typewritten address to Mr. Walter Rosenthal. Includes a stamped return address on back flap from Dr. Julius Israel Fliess, as well as censor tape.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A law enacted August 17, 1938 required Jews with non-Jewish forenames to assume the name "Sara" if a woman and "Israel" if a man. These names were to be used on all correspondence -- private or official -- including return addresses on mail. In September 1938, all Jewish attorneys were banned from practicing law. Only a few Jewish attorneys were allowed to continue practicing law under the professional title of "Konsulent" or Legal Consultant, but only with Jewish clients. This envelope was addressed from Berlin to Brookline, Massachusetts. The return address reads: "Dr. Julius Israel Fliess, Konsulent, specializing in accurate Consultations and Representing Jews." Also, since Elise "Sara" Reiss carried the letter to the post office (yet another decree directed at Jews required that foreign mail be hand-delivered to the post office where it would be censored), it was necessary that she list her name and address.

Dimensions

4 1/2 x 6 1/4"

Keywords

stamp, Berlin, Brookline, Massachusetts, Nazi seal, Julius Fliess, Julius Isarel Fliess, Elise Sara Reiss, Walter Rosenthal

Subcollection

Early

Recommended Citation

"Rare Cover: Nuremberg Laws Applied to Lawyers" (1941). Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection. 2012.1.289a.
https://digital.kenyon.edu/bulmash/970