JULIUS STREICHER AND Der Stürmer

A former schoolteacher and decorated combat soldier in World War I, Julius Streicher (1885-1946) was influenced by pre-war German antisemitism. He believed Jews were behind Germany’s defeat in World War I; moreover, they were behind the Great Depression, unemployment and the runaway inflation of the Weimar years. He became fiercely ultranationalist and an early member of the budding Nazi party. In 1923 Streicher established his newspaper Der Stürmer. With its official slogan "Jews are our misfortune" (Die Juden sind unser ungluck) and the grotesque caricatured images of Jews drawn by his cartoonist Philipp Rupprecht ("Fips"), Der Stürmer provided Streicher a platform for his venomous antisemitic and racist rants. He invoked the medieval blood libel canard accusing Jews of ritual murder of Christian children for use of their blood in making Passover matzoh. His vituperations against Jews as vile subhuman creatures were supplemented by lurid pornographic imagery. Jewish men were guilty of Rassenschande, or racial pollution, seducing German women and young girls or managing prostitution rings. Streicher would not hesitate to target and smear specific Jews. His publishing house printed antisemitic booklets for children, including Der Giftpilz (The Poisonous Mushroom). Streicher would ultimately be convicted by the Nuremberg Tribunal of crimes against humanity for his incendiary racist propaganda and hanged in 1946.

--Michael D. Bulmash, K1966

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Caricature of Jew drawn by Philipp Rupprecht for Julius Streicher’s Der Stürmer

2014.1.12

Illustration of a Jewish man holding the Talmud signed 'Fips.' This drawing was intended for Der Stürmer Newspaper, as indicated by the stamp in the lower left corner.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Typical caricature of a Jew drawn by Philipp Rupprecht, also known as “Fips,” for Julius Streicher’s antisemitic tabloid Der Stürmer. These grotesque, often pornographic cartoons of Jewish stereotypes accompanied the propaganda Streicher disseminated, saturating the consciousness of Germans during the Third Reich, and contributing to the capacity of many Germans to accept the Nazi program. These drawings often ended with the statement that “The Jew is our misfortune. And without a solution to the Jewish question there is no salvation for mankind.”
Caricature of Jew drawn by Philipp Rupprecht for Julius Streicher’s Der Stürmer

2014.1.13

A pencil drawing of an obese Jewish man wearing many medals, including the Star of David, smoking a cigar.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Typical Fips grotesque antisemitic cartoon meant for Julius Streicher’s Der Stürmer tabloid of an obese self-satisfied Jewish capitalist.
Postcard from Der Stürmer

2014.1.10

Front: A beige postcard with green outline and printed stamp. Includes a blue Der Sturmer stamp on the top left.Back: Includes a green outline and printed stamp, as well as a blue Der Sturmer stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Julius Streicher's Der Stürmer postcard in Vienna answers an official inquiry as to whether someone can be officially classified as a Jew.
Antisemitic Essays by German Students

2021.1.39a-d

Four typewritten pages, each filled halfway with text and with the header “Aufsatz.”

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

These short paragraphs were written by German students in the late summer of 1935. It had been two years since Hitler and the Nazi party came to power in Germany, and the indoctrination of children and the citizens was well underway. These students were given a prompt by their teacher: “Why should we be warned about the Jews?” Of course, these paragraphs reflect little originality, which would have been discouraged in any case since the task was to mechanically regurgitate the antisemitic teachings from lectures and the abundant written material available. Some of the students reference Julius Streicher or his grotesque and pornographic Der Stürmer, doubtless taken with the cartoons and Streicher’s concrete depiction of Jews. They describe the typical Jew’s physical characteristics - swarthy, frizzy hair, flat feet, crooked nose, thick head - as though they were describing Streicher’s cartoon characters approaching them on Unter den Linden. So we know Jews fall short in comparison with the ideal Aryan type, but as bad as he looks on the outside he is worse on the inside. Jews want to take over the government, in which case there would be no work, they have bankrupted the factories in Germany, creating a state of unemployment; they sell cheap, “trashy” goods; they have incited the communists against the Germans; they are cowardly as well. Of course, the negative descriptions are unremitting. Evidence to the contrary is not adduced. Jews are referred to as enemies of the people - here again they channel Streicher - and what they have learned in the classroom. As one student concludes, the Jew is not one of us, and he should go back from whence he came.
Antisemitic Children’s Book Published by Julius Streicher: Trau keinem Fuchs auf grüner Heid und keinem Jud auf seinem [Trust No Fox on his Green Heath and No Jew on his Oath]

2012.1.549

A hardcover book with a red cover. Cover includes illustrations of a red fox and a caricature of a Jewish man. Interior includes German text and colorful illustrations.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Translated as "Trust No Fox on The Green Meadow and No Jew on His Oath," this viciously antisemitic children’s cartoon book, published in 1936, was the first of three racist children’s books published by Julius Streicher’s Stürmer firm. It was written by Elvira Bauer, an eighteen-year-old art student and kindergarten teacher. Illustrations were provided by Philipp Rupprecht, also known by his nom de plume as Fips. Children as young as six would be propagandized to recognize the Jew - as distinct from the aryan German - as crafty and exploitative, untrustworthy, greedy, money hoarding, physically repulsive and sexually predatory. The school child would be indoctrinated with old antisemitic tropes and canards from an early age. German youth would learn not only to recognize these repulsive descriptions of Jews, but as well the importance of standing together as a nation to remove the Jew as a threat. Der Stürmer constantly reminded Germans that “the Jews are our misfortune,” and Jewry and its malignant influence had to be destroyed.
Der Stürmer Envelope with Antisemitic Stamp

2012.1.471

Tan envelope addressed to Georg Sauer, Aschaffenburg. "Der Stürmer, Nürnberg."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Der Stürmer cover with Jewish Star of David superimposed upon caricatured Jewish face commonly used on Julius Streicher’s tabloid products and drawings.
Julius Streicher’s Der Stürmer Editor Paul Wurm Correspondence with Antisemitic Motto

2019.2.12

"Der Stürmer" printed across top of full letter-sized page in large, bold, black print. Line across bottom of page below correspondence, above single bold-printed line of text.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Correspondence on Der Stürmer letterhead, with printed motto stating that “Without a solution to the Jewish question, there is no salvation for humanity.”

[Related items: 2019.2.13 and 2019.2.14]
Letter to Der Stürmer

2014.1.15

A letter written in blue cursive on light blue paper.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Someone (only initials given) had visited the city of Lodz (known as Litzmannstadt during the German occupation) and reports to Julius Streicher's violently antisemitic tabloid Der Stürmer that there are many Jewish schools, Talmud Torahs (primary school for boys). One, on 10 Jacob Street, is dedicated to a Rabbi Mirjel (?), whom this writer suspects is involved in a "secret" Torah association.
Antisemitic Children's Book Published by Julius Streicher: Der Giftpilz

2012.1.546

Hardcover book with green cover. Includes an illustration of a mushroom with a caricature Jewish face and a Star of David on its stem. Interior includes German text and colorful woodblock illustrations. English translation in collection (2012.1.547).>>

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Ernst Hiemer’s Der Giftpilz (The Poison Mushroom), published by Streicher, was another effort at indoctrinating school-age children in the ways of the Jew, utilizing Philipp Rupprecht’s illustrations to cement the idea that Jews were insidiously dangerous, in much the same way that good edible mushrooms were indistinguishable to the untutored eye from the poisonous variety or toadstool. Each chapter deals with a common stereotype of the Jew, accompanied by a Fips illustration. The Jew’s bent nose, fat lips, dirty ears, lice-ridden beard, and criminal eyes are the physiognomic manifestations of his thieving ways, his concern only for himself, his exploitative nature and endless capacity for tricking poor Germans, culminating in a willingness to deceive the German if it benefits him. Hiemer doesn’t fail to point out that Jews were Christ-killers. Hiemer is as well a self-professed authority on the Talmud and points out that Jews are discouraged from performing real work - only trade and usury - and making non-Jews his slaves. Thus, for the German, salvation comes only with resolving the Jewish question.
Broadside by Julius Streicher Ridiculing Nuremberg Financier Richard Kohn

2021.1.52

Broadside with black text. Portrait photograph of man in a suit and hat in center.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Antisemitic broadside issued by Julius Streicher’s newspaper Der Stürmer. With a photo of prominent Nuremberg financier and lawyer Richard Kohn at center, it loosely reads: “Nuremberg bank-Jew exposed as a racial disgrace! The fairy tale of a decent Jew Kohn… For years he has desecrated German women and girls with impunity. The bank-Jew Kohn will not escape a just punishment!.....” Richard Kohn was an attorney, city councilman and member of the German Democratic Party (DDP). He was as well a partner in Bankhaus Anton Kohn and held numerous positions in banking and insurance. His apartment was destroyed during Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938. Kohn was arrested and the Bankhaus Anton Kohn was liquidated. Richard Kohn was deported to Riga in November 1941 with other members of his family, all of whom perished.
Der Stürmer

2012.1.494

Newspaper titled "Der Stürmer." Includes articles in German and cartoons with caricatures of Jewish individuals.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A copy of Julius Streicher's antisemitic Der Stürmer magazine. Note the "Fips" cartoons and the ubiquitous "Die Juden sind unser ungluck" ("The Jews are our misfortune") tagline.
Envelope with Antisemitic Stamp

2012.1.472

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Julius Streicher Der Stürmer cover with his imprint of superimposed Star of David on caricatured "Jewish" face sent from Nuremberg to Georg Sauer in Aschaffenburg.
Julius Streicher’s Der Stürmer Editor Paul Wurm Correspondence with Antisemitic Motto

2019.2.13

"Der Stürmer" printed in top left corner in bold, black print. Anti-Semitic image including Star of David in bottom left corner.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Correspondence on Der Stürmer letterhead, with printed motto stating that “Without a solution to the Jewish question, there is no salvation for humanity.”

[Related items: 2019.2.12 and 2019.2.14]
Der Pudelmopsdackelpinscher [The Mongrel]

2012.1.552

Orange cover. In the middle is a brown dog with its tongue sticking out, and a large black spot on its middle. Red text above, black text below. White illustrations of bees, a locust, a bird, a lizard and a snake in the background.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The third - and rarest - of three antisemitic children’s books published by Julius Streicher’s Stürmer publishing house in 1940 was titled Pudelmopsdackelpinscher (Poodle-Pug-Dachshund-Pinscher) or The Mongrel. The author was again Ernst Hiemer, and the illustrations were provided by Willi Hofman. Jews are compared to repugnant forms of animal life: hyenas, chameleons, locusts, bedbugs, mongrel dogs, drone bees, poisonous snakes, tapeworms, and bacteria, etc. His audience notwithstanding, Hiemer exercises little restraint in his social-Darwinian solution to the Jewish problem in this crude, racist children’s book: to destroy the Jew before he destroys us in the same way that the danger of poisonous snakes is eliminated when these snakes are eradicated. For Streicher and those in his employ, eliminationist antisemitism is the only way to build a new Germany under Adolf Hitler.
Der Stürmer Envelope

2012.1.489

Tan envelope titled, "Geschäftspapiere" (business paper). Includes several red stamps, including a "Der Stürmer" stamp. Back has printed return address to Der Stürmer.
Un Bon Français [A Good Frenchman]: French Antisemitic Pamphlet

2014.1.17

Front: A caricature of a rich man with a cigar and waistcoat and jewels.Interior: Various information written in French.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A series of French antisemitic cartoons in the style of Philipp Rupprecht of Der Stürmerfame.
Der Stürmer Broadside

2015.2.214

Tan paper with black printed text in German. Includes a black and white illustration of a man in a helment in profile facing left, with an eagle to the left of him. The eagle holds a dying snake with Stars of David on it. Behind the man and eagle are many Nazi flags.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Broadside issued by Julius Streicher's virulently antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer with Streicher's name at the masthead. The broadside promotes the idea that the S.A. and Der Stürmer are one, representing the same interests. The S.A. man in profile, soldiers marching behind, with an eagle clutching a snake covered with Stars of David. Shoulder to shoulder with Adolf Hitler against the Jews... Without a solution to the Jewish Question, there will be no salvation for mankind.
Antisemitic Label

2019.2.14

Red, stamp-sized label, includes "Kauft nicht" twice in white text and underlined.

[Related items: 2019.2.12 and 2019.2.13]

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Label included with Der Sturmer correspondence stating: “Don’t buy from warehouses. Don’t buy from Jews.”
Der Stürmer Antisemitic Cartoon

2012.1.580

Tan poster with Der Stürmer title on top and German text beneath it, and to the right. Includes caricature by Fips of a portly man with fishing rod with arms outstretched.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Typical caricature of a Jew drawn by Philipp Rupprecht, also known as “Fips,” for Julius Streicher’s antisemitic tabloid Der Stürmer. These grotesque, often pornographic cartoons of Jewish stereotypes accompanied the propaganda Streicher disseminated, saturating the consciousness of Germans during the Third Reich, and contributing to the capacity of many Germans to accept the Nazi program. These drawings often ended - as this one does - with the statement that “The Jew is our misfortune. And without a solution to the Jewish question there is no salvation for mankind.” This one claims that Germans have experienced the Jew as having swindled them, taking everything they owned.